> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://code.dcycle.io/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Step 3 - Calculate Scope 2 Emissions

> Learn how to calculate indirect emissions from purchased electricity, heat, steam, and cooling using location-based and market-based methods

## Understanding Scope 2 Emissions

**Scope 2 emissions** are indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the generation of purchased energy consumed by your organization. According to the [GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance](https://ghgprotocol.org/scope_2_guidance), these include:

* **Electricity**: Power purchased from the grid or third-party providers
* **Steam**: Purchased steam for industrial processes
* **Heating**: District heating or purchased heat
* **Cooling**: District cooling services

```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                      SCOPE 2: Indirect Energy Emissions                     │
├─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────┤
│  Electricity        │  Heat & Steam       │  Cooling                        │
├─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────┤
│  • Grid electricity │  • District heating │  • District cooling             │
│  • Supplier-specific│  • Purchased steam  │  • Purchased chilled water      │
│  • Renewable energy │  • Industrial heat  │  • Central cooling systems      │
│  • Green tariffs    │  • CHP outputs      │                                 │
└─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
```

<Note>
  **Dual Reporting Requirement**

  The GHG Protocol requires organizations to report Scope 2 emissions using **two methods**:

  1. **Location-based**: Uses average grid emission factors for where energy is consumed
  2. **Market-based**: Uses supplier-specific emission factors based on contractual instruments

  Dcycle automatically calculates both methods when you upload electricity invoices.
</Note>

## Prerequisites

Before starting, ensure you have:

* Dcycle API credentials ([get them here](/docs/quickstart#step-1-get-your-api-key))
* At least one **facility** configured with the correct country
* Energy consumption data: electricity bills, utility invoices, or meter readings
* (Optional) Supplier information for market-based calculations

<Tip>
  **Using the Dcycle App?**

  You can also manage your energy consumption through our web interface:

  * [Upload utility invoices](https://scribehow.com/shared/Subir_facturas_de_electricidad__6731lF_STMSRI6Ulxy1ELg) - Track electricity and heat consumption
  * [Configure suppliers](https://scribehow.com/shared/Como_crear_un_factor_de_emision_personalizado__En2nFT6QSdSpLq9YNiFvpw) - Set up electricity suppliers for market-based
  * [Datadis integration](https://scribehow.com/shared/Datadis__EYTSGo4kR9uIFzbwDB754w) - Automatic electricity data import (Spain only)
</Tip>

## Calculating Electricity Emissions

Electricity consumption is typically the largest component of Scope 2 emissions. In Dcycle, these are tracked through **invoices** with `type: "electricity"`.

### Emission Sources Covered

| Source Type               | Invoice Type             | Examples                                    |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------- |
| **Grid electricity**      | `electricity`            | Office buildings, warehouses, factories     |
| **Renewable electricity** | `electricity` + supplier | Green tariffs, PPAs, renewable certificates |
| **District heating**      | `COMING SOON!`           | Centralized heating systems                 |
| **District cooling**      | `COMING SOON!`           | Centralized cooling systems                 |

### Calculation Methods: Location-based vs Market-based

<Tabs>
  <Tab title="Location-based Method">
    The **location-based method** uses average grid emission factors based on where energy is consumed. This reflects the average emissions intensity of the local grid.

    ```
    Facility (any country) → Invoice → Grid EF by Location → CO₂e
          ↓                     ↓              ↓                ↓
      Country from          kWh consumed    Grid emission    Reflects average
      facility address                      factors          grid emissions
    ```

    **Key characteristics:**

    * Uses country/regional grid average emission factors
    * Emission factors from Ecoinvent and REE (Red Eléctrica Esañola)
    * Updated when new version of Ecoinvent or REE (annually) is released
    * Required for GHG Protocol compliance

    <AccordionGroup>
      <Accordion title="Emission Factor Sources - Location-based">
        For location-based calculations, Dcycle uses emission factors from:

        * Ecoinvent - Global grid emission factors
        * **REE** (Red Eléctrica de España) - Spain-specific factors

        Factors are automatically selected based on:

        * Facility country
        * Invoice year
        * Latest available data version
      </Accordion>

      <Accordion title="Calculation Details - Location-based">
        Location-based emissions are calculated as:

        **CO₂e = Energy Consumed (kWh) × Grid Emission Factor (kg CO₂e/kWh)**

        Where:

        * **Energy Consumed**: Electricity consumption in kWh
        * **Grid EF**: Average emission factor for the country/region grid

        **Example (Non-renewable electricity in Spain, 2024):**

        ```
        10,000 kWh × 0.1 kg CO₂e/kWh = 1,000 kg CO₂e
        ```

        Note: Spain's grid has been decarbonizing rapidly, so emission factors vary significantly by year.
      </Accordion>
    </AccordionGroup>
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="Market-based Method">
    The **market-based method** uses emission factors from contractual instruments that convey claims about the emissions attributes of purchased electricity.

    ```
    Facility → Invoice + Supplier → Supplier-specific EF → CO₂e
          ↓           ↓                    ↓                  ↓
      Country     kWh + supplier      Contractual EF      Reflects supplier
                  information                             energy mix
    ```

    **Key characteristics:**

    * Uses supplier-specific emission factors (when available)
    * Reflects actual contractual arrangements
    * Can show zero emissions for 100% renewable suppliers

    <Tip>
      For Spain, Dcycle uses CNMC-published emission factors for each electricity supplier.
    </Tip>

    <AccordionGroup>
      <Accordion title="Emission Factor Sources - Market-based">
        For market-based calculations, Dcycle uses emission factors from:

        * **CNMC** (Spain) - Supplier-specific factors published annually
        * **Supplier certificates** - When provided by the user (custom emission factors)
      </Accordion>

      <Accordion title="Calculation Details - Market-based">
        Market-based emissions are calculated as:

        **CO₂e = Energy Consumed (kWh) × Supplier Emission Factor (kg CO₂e/kWh)**

        Where:

        * **Energy Consumed**: Electricity consumption in kWh
        * **Supplier EF**: Emission factor specific to your electricity supplier

        **Example (100% renewable supplier):**

        ```
        10,000 kWh × 0.00 kg CO₂e/kWh = 0 kg CO₂e
        ```

        Note: Market-based can be higher or lower than location-based depending on your supplier's energy mix.
      </Accordion>
    </AccordionGroup>
  </Tab>
</Tabs>

<Note>
  **Automatic Dual Calculation**

  When you upload an electricity invoice, Dcycle automatically calculates **both** location-based and market-based emissions.
  Both values are stored and available in reports for GHG Protocol compliance.
</Note>

What you'll track:

```
Facility Setup → Electricity Invoice → Dual Calculation
      ↓                 ↓                     ↓
  Country config    kWh + supplier     Location-based + Market-based
```

### Data Flow

<Steps>
  <Step title="Configure Facility">
    Ensure your facility has the correct country configured (determines location-based EF)
  </Step>

  <Step title="(Optional) Set Up Supplier">
    Link an electricity supplier to enable market-based calculation with specific factors
  </Step>

  <Step title="Create Electricity Invoice">
    Record electricity consumption in kWh with date range
  </Step>

  <Step title="Automatic Calculation">
    Dcycle calculates both location-based and market-based emissions
  </Step>

  <Step title="View Dual Results">
    Both emission values are stored for reporting compliance
  </Step>
</Steps>

### Step 3.1: Create an Electricity Invoice (Location-based)

<Accordion title="📋 Data Map: Electricity Invoice (Location-based)">
  | Field           | Type   | Required | Description                   | Example           |
  | --------------- | ------ | -------- | ----------------------------- | ----------------- |
  | `type`          | string | ✅        | Invoice type                  | `"electricity"`   |
  | `facility_id`   | UUID   | ✅        | Facility consuming the energy | `"abc-123-..."`   |
  | `base_quantity` | number | ✅        | Energy consumed               | `10000`           |
  | `unit_id`       | UUID   | ✅        | Unit (kWh)                    | `"ba80e6cb-..."`  |
  | `start_date`    | date   | ✅        | Billing period start          | `"2024-01-01"`    |
  | `end_date`      | date   | ✅        | Billing period end            | `"2024-01-31"`    |
  | `invoice_id`    | string | ❌        | Your reference number         | `"ELEC-2024-001"` |
  | `uploaded_by`   | UUID   | ✅        | User uploading                | `"user-uuid"`     |

  **Where to get this data:**

  * **Facility ID**: From Step 1 (company structure setup) or `GET /api/v1/facilities`
  * **Unit ID**: `"ba80e6cb-86a4-4bb1-a0c5-8104365d523c"` (kWh)
  * **Quantity**: From electricity bills, utility invoices, or smart meter data

  <Note>
    **No facility\_fuel\_id for electricity invoices**

    Unlike heat invoices, electricity invoices do **not** use `facility_fuel_id`. The emission factors are determined automatically based on the facility's country (location-based) or supplier/custom emission factor (market-based).
  </Note>
</Accordion>

Record electricity consumption at a facility (location-based calculation):

<CodeGroup>
  ```python Python theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
  import requests
  import os

  headers = {
      "Authorization": f"Bearer {os.getenv('DCYCLE_API_KEY')}",
      "Content-Type": "application/json",
      "x-organization-id": os.getenv("DCYCLE_ORG_ID"),
      "x-user-id": os.getenv("DCYCLE_USER_ID"),
  }

  # Create invoice for electricity consumption (location-based)
  # No supplier_id or custom_emission_factor_id needed - uses grid average EF
  facility_id = "your-facility-uuid"

  invoice_data = {
      "type": "electricity",
      "facility_percentages": [
          {
              "organization_id": os.getenv("DCYCLE_ORG_ID"),
              "facility_id": facility_id,
              "percentage": 1.0,  # 100% to this facility
          }
      ],
      "base_quantity": 10000,  # 10,000 kWh
      "unit_id": "ba80e6cb-86a4-4bb1-a0c5-8104365d523c",  # kWh
      "start_date": "2024-01-01",
      "end_date": "2024-01-31",
      "invoice_id": "ELEC-2024-001",
      "uploaded_by": os.getenv("DCYCLE_USER_ID"),
  }

  response = requests.post(
      "https://api.dcycle.io/v1/invoices",
      headers=headers,
      json=invoice_data,
  )

  invoice = response.json()
  print(f"✅ Electricity invoice created: {invoice['id']}")
  print(f"   Quantity: {invoice['quantity']} kWh")
  print(f"   CO₂e (location-based): {invoice.get('co2e', 'Calculating...')} kg")
  ```

  ```javascript JavaScript theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
  const axios = require('axios');

  const headers = {
    Authorization: `Bearer ${process.env.DCYCLE_API_KEY}`,
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    'x-organization-id': process.env.DCYCLE_ORG_ID,
    'x-user-id': process.env.DCYCLE_USER_ID,
  };

  // Create invoice for electricity consumption (location-based)
  // No supplier_id or custom_emission_factor_id needed - uses grid average EF
  const facilityId = 'your-facility-uuid';

  const invoiceData = {
    type: 'electricity',
    facility_percentages: [
      {
        organization_id: process.env.DCYCLE_ORG_ID,
        facility_id: facilityId,
        percentage: 1.0, // 100% to this facility
      },
    ],
    base_quantity: 10000, // 10,000 kWh
    unit_id: 'ba80e6cb-86a4-4bb1-a0c5-8104365d523c', // kWh
    start_date: '2024-01-01',
    end_date: '2024-01-31',
    invoice_id: 'ELEC-2024-001',
    uploaded_by: process.env.DCYCLE_USER_ID,
  };

  const response = await axios.post(
    'https://api.dcycle.io/v1/invoices',
    invoiceData,
    { headers }
  );

  const invoice = response.data;
  console.log(`✅ Electricity invoice created: ${invoice.id}`);
  console.log(`   Quantity: ${invoice.quantity} kWh`);
  console.log(`   CO₂e (location-based): ${invoice.co2e || 'Calculating...'} kg`);
  ```
</CodeGroup>

<Tip>
  **Utility Bill Data**

  For most accurate tracking, extract the following from your electricity bills:

  * **kWh consumed**: The actual energy consumption (not the cost)
  * **Billing period**: Start and end dates of the billing cycle
  * **Supplier name**: For market-based calculations
</Tip>

### Step 3.2: Create an Electricity Invoice (Market-based - Spain)

For facilities in **Spain**, use `supplier_id` to enable market-based calculations with CNMC-published emission factors.

<Accordion title="📋 Data Map: Electricity Invoice with Supplier (Spain)">
  | Field           | Type   | Required | Description                       | Example           |
  | --------------- | ------ | -------- | --------------------------------- | ----------------- |
  | `type`          | string | ✅        | Invoice type                      | `"electricity"`   |
  | `facility_id`   | UUID   | ✅        | Facility consuming the energy     | `"abc-123-..."`   |
  | `base_quantity` | number | ✅        | Energy consumed (kWh)             | `10000`           |
  | `unit_id`       | UUID   | ✅        | Unit (kWh)                        | `"ba80e6cb-..."`  |
  | `supplier_id`   | UUID   | ✅        | Electricity supplier (Spain only) | `"supplier-uuid"` |
  | `start_date`    | date   | ✅        | Billing period start              | `"2024-01-01"`    |
  | `end_date`      | date   | ✅        | Billing period end                | `"2024-01-31"`    |
  | `invoice_id`    | string | ❌        | Your reference number             | `"ELEC-2024-001"` |
  | `uploaded_by`   | UUID   | ✅        | User uploading                    | `"user-uuid"`     |

  **Where to get this data:**

  * **Supplier ID**: `GET /api/v1/suppliers?type=electricity` - List electricity suppliers
  * **Supplier-specific EFs**: Automatically applied based on supplier selection
  * **For Spain**: Suppliers are linked to CNMC-published emission factors
</Accordion>

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
# First, get available electricity suppliers (Spain)
suppliers = requests.get(
    "https://api.dcycle.io/v1/suppliers",
    headers=headers,
    params={"type": "electricity"},
).json()

# Find your electricity supplier (e.g., Iberdrola, Endesa, etc.)
my_supplier = next(
    (s for s in suppliers["items"] if "iberdrola" in s["name"].lower()),
    None
)

# Create invoice with supplier for market-based calculation (Spain)
invoice_data = {
    "type": "electricity",
    "facility_percentages": [
        {
            "organization_id": os.getenv("DCYCLE_ORG_ID"),
            "facility_id": facility_id,
            "percentage": 1.0,
        }
    ],
    "base_quantity": 10000,  # 10,000 kWh
    "unit_id": "ba80e6cb-86a4-4bb1-a0c5-8104365d523c",  # kWh
    "supplier_id": my_supplier["id"],  # Required for market-based in Spain
    "start_date": "2024-01-01",
    "end_date": "2024-01-31",
    "invoice_id": "ELEC-2024-002",
    "uploaded_by": os.getenv("DCYCLE_USER_ID"),
}

response = requests.post(
    "https://api.dcycle.io/v1/invoices",
    headers=headers,
    json=invoice_data,
)

invoice = response.json()
print(f"✅ Invoice with supplier created: {invoice['id']}")
print(f"   Supplier: {my_supplier['name']}")
print(f"   CO₂e (market-based): Based on {my_supplier['name']} emission factor")
```

<Note>
  **Spain Market-based Emission Factors**

  For Spanish facilities with linked suppliers, Dcycle uses emission factors published by CNMC:

  * Updated annually for each electricity retailer
  * Reflects the actual energy mix of each supplier
  * Renewable suppliers (100% green) will have 0 kg CO₂e/kWh
</Note>

### Step 3.3: Create an Electricity Invoice (Market-based - Outside Spain)

For facilities **outside Spain**, use `custom_emission_factor_id` to enable market-based calculations with your own emission factor.

<Accordion title="📋 Data Map: Electricity Invoice with Custom EF (Non-Spain)">
  | Field                       | Type   | Required | Description                   | Example            |
  | --------------------------- | ------ | -------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------ |
  | `type`                      | string | ✅        | Invoice type                  | `"electricity"`    |
  | `facility_id`               | UUID   | ✅        | Facility consuming the energy | `"abc-123-..."`    |
  | `base_quantity`             | number | ✅        | Energy consumed (kWh)         | `10000`            |
  | `unit_id`                   | UUID   | ✅        | Unit (kWh)                    | `"ba80e6cb-..."`   |
  | `custom_emission_factor_id` | UUID   | ✅        | Your custom emission factor   | `"custom-ef-uuid"` |
  | `start_date`                | date   | ✅        | Billing period start          | `"2024-01-01"`     |
  | `end_date`                  | date   | ✅        | Billing period end            | `"2024-01-31"`     |
  | `invoice_id`                | string | ❌        | Your reference number         | `"ELEC-2024-001"`  |
  | `uploaded_by`               | UUID   | ✅        | User uploading                | `"user-uuid"`      |

  **Where to get this data:**

  * **Custom Emission Factor ID**: Create via `POST /api/v1/custom_emission_factors` or use existing ones from `GET /api/v1/custom_emission_factors`
  * **Custom EF value**: Obtain from your electricity supplier's disclosure or certificates (e.g., Guarantees of Origin)
</Accordion>

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
# Create invoice with custom emission factor for market-based calculation (Non-Spain)
invoice_data = {
    "type": "electricity",
    "facility_percentages": [
        {
            "organization_id": os.getenv("DCYCLE_ORG_ID"),
            "facility_id": facility_id,  # Facility outside Spain
            "percentage": 1.0,
        }
    ],
    "base_quantity": 10000,  # 10,000 kWh
    "unit_id": "ba80e6cb-86a4-4bb1-a0c5-8104365d523c",  # kWh
    "custom_emission_factor_id": "your-custom-ef-uuid",  # Required for market-based outside Spain
    "start_date": "2024-01-01",
    "end_date": "2024-01-31",
    "invoice_id": "ELEC-2024-003",
    "uploaded_by": os.getenv("DCYCLE_USER_ID"),
}

response = requests.post(
    "https://api.dcycle.io/v1/invoices",
    headers=headers,
    json=invoice_data,
)

invoice = response.json()
print(f"✅ Invoice with custom EF created: {invoice['id']}")
print(f"   CO₂e (market-based): Based on custom emission factor")
```

<Tip>
  **Creating Custom Emission Factors**

  To create a custom emission factor for your electricity supplier:

  1. Obtain the emission factor from your supplier's disclosure or certificate
  2. Create the custom EF via `POST /api/v1/custom_emission_factors`
  3. Use the returned ID in your electricity invoices

  This is useful for:

  * Suppliers with Guarantees of Origin (GOs)
  * Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs)
  * Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)
</Tip>

### Step 3.4: Track District Heating and Cooling

<Accordion title="📋 Data Map: District Heating/Cooling">
  | Field              | Type   | Required | Description                    | Example                                      |
  | ------------------ | ------ | -------- | ------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- |
  | `type`             | string | ✅        | Invoice type                   | `"district_heating"` or `"district_cooling"` |
  | `facility_id`      | UUID   | ✅        | Facility receiving the service | `"abc-123-..."`                              |
  | `facility_fuel_id` | UUID   | ✅        | Heating/cooling fuel type      | `"heat-456-..."`                             |
  | `base_quantity`    | number | ✅        | Energy consumed                | `5000`                                       |
  | `unit_id`          | UUID   | ✅        | Unit (kWh or MJ)               | `"ba80e6cb-..."`                             |
  | `start_date`       | date   | ✅        | Service period start           | `"2024-01-01"`                               |
  | `end_date`         | date   | ✅        | Service period end             | `"2024-03-31"`                               |
  | `invoice_id`       | string | ✅        | Your reference                 | `"HEAT-2024-Q1"`                             |
  | `uploaded_by`      | UUID   | ✅        | User uploading                 | `"user-uuid"`                                |
  | `supplier_id`      | UUID   | ❌        | District service provider      | `"supplier-uuid"`                            |

  **Where to get this data:**

  * **Heating bills**: From district heating provider
  * **Cooling bills**: From district cooling provider
  * **Energy units**: Typically kWh, MJ, or GJ
</Accordion>

District heating and cooling are purchased energy services that fall under Scope 2:

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
# Create invoice for district heating
heating_data = {
    "type": "district_heating",  # or "district_cooling"
    "facility_percentages": [
        {
            "organization_id": os.getenv("DCYCLE_ORG_ID"),
            "facility_id": facility_id,
            "percentage": 1.0,
        }
    ],
    "base_quantity": 5000,  # 5,000 kWh of heat
    "unit_id": "ba80e6cb-86a4-4bb1-a0c5-8104365d523c",  # kWh
    "facility_fuel_id": heating_fuel_id,  # District heating fuel
    "start_date": "2024-01-01",
    "end_date": "2024-03-31",
    "invoice_id": "HEAT-2024-Q1",
    "uploaded_by": os.getenv("DCYCLE_USER_ID"),
}

response = requests.post(
    "https://api.dcycle.io/v1/invoices",
    headers=headers,
    json=heating_data,
)

print(f"✅ District heating recorded: {response.json()['id']}")
```

<Warning>
  **Scope 2 vs Scope 1 Heat**

  * **Scope 2**: Purchased heat/steam/cooling from external providers (district services)
  * **Scope 1**: Heat generated on-site from your own combustion (use `type: "heat"` invoices)

  Make sure to classify correctly based on whether energy is **purchased** or **generated on-site**.
</Warning>

## Automatic Data Import (Spain)

<Tip>
  **Datadis Integration**

  For facilities in Spain, Dcycle offers automatic electricity data import via **Datadis** (Sistema de Intercambio de Datos de Medida). This eliminates manual data entry for electricity consumption.

  To enable, follow these tutorial: [How to connect Datadis account to Dcycle](https://scribehow.com/viewer/Como_crear_la_cuenta_de_Datadis__tlV5GJwkRxWMfxx_-0gJvw)
</Tip>

## Querying Scope 2 Emissions

### Get Electricity Emissions by Facility

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
# Query total impacts for electricity
response = requests.get(
    "https://api.dcycle.io/v1/total_impacts",
    headers=headers,
    params={
        "organization_id": os.getenv("DCYCLE_ORG_ID"),
        "category": "electricity_generation",  # Scope 2 electricity
        "start_date": "2024-01-01",
        "end_date": "2024-12-31",
    },
).json()

print(f"📊 Scope 2 Electricity Emissions:")
total_co2e = 0
for impact in response["items"]:
    print(f"   Facility: {impact['facility_name']}")
    print(f"   CO₂e: {impact['co2e']} kg")
    total_co2e += impact['co2e']

print(f"\n   Total Scope 2: {total_co2e} kg CO₂e")
```

### Get Both Location and Market-based Results

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
# For GHG Protocol compliant reporting, query both methods
# Location-based is stored in standard total_impacts
# Market-based is stored separately when supplier is specified

print("📊 Scope 2 Dual Reporting:")
print(f"   Location-based: {location_based_total} kg CO₂e")
print(f"   Market-based: {market_based_total} kg CO₂e")
```

<Tip>
  **Best Practice: Track All Energy Sources**

  For complete Scope 2 accounting:

  1. **Electricity**: All purchased grid electricity at all facilities
  2. **Renewable certificates**: Track green energy purchases separately
  3. **District heating/cooling**: Any purchased heat or cooling services
  4. **Steam**: Industrial steam purchases from third parties

  Use consistent units (kWh) across all energy types for easier aggregation.
</Tip>

## Understanding Your Results

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Why Location-based ≠ Market-based?">
    The two values represent different things:

    * **Location-based** reflects the **average grid emissions** where you consume energy
    * **Market-based** reflects **your contractual arrangements** with suppliers

    Common scenarios:

    * **Market > Location**: Your supplier has a higher carbon intensity than the grid average
    * **Market \< Location**: Your supplier uses more renewables than the grid average
    * **Market = 0**: You have 100% renewable electricity contracts
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Reducing Scope 2 Emissions">
    Strategies to reduce Scope 2 emissions:

    1. **Switch suppliers**: Choose suppliers with lower emission factors
    2. **Purchase green tariffs**: 100% renewable electricity contracts
    3. **Install on-site renewables**: Solar panels, wind (moves to Scope 1 or carbon-neutral)
    4. **Energy efficiency**: Reduce overall consumption
    5. **PPAs**: Power Purchase Agreements with renewable generators
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Renewable Energy and Market-based">
    For renewable energy to count as zero emissions in market-based:

    * Must have contractual proof (certificates, PPA, green tariff)
    * Certificate must match consumption location and timing
    * Guarantees of Origin (GOs) or RECs must be retired on your behalf

    Dcycle tracks supplier-reported renewable percentages automatically for supported suppliers.
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>