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Understanding Scope 1 Emissions

Scope 1 emissions are direct greenhouse gas emissions from sources owned or controlled by your organization. According to the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, these include:
  • Stationary combustion: Burning fuels in boilers, furnaces, heaters, and other fixed equipment
  • Mobile combustion: Burning fuels in company-owned or controlled vehicles
  • Process emissions: Emissions from industrial processes (e.g., chemical reactions)
  • Fugitive emissions: Intentional or unintentional releases (e.g., refrigerant leaks, CH₄ from wastewater treatment)
GHG Protocol Calculation FormulaFor most Scope 1 sources, emissions are calculated using:CO₂e = Activity Data × Emission Factor × GWPWhere:
  • Activity Data: Quantity of fuel consumed (liters, kg, m³, kWh)
  • Emission Factor: kg CO₂, CH₄, or N₂O per unit of fuel
  • GWP: Global Warming Potential to convert to CO₂ equivalent

Prerequisites

Before starting, ensure you have:
  • Dcycle API credentials (get them here)
  • At least one facility configured in your organization
  • Access to your facility data: fuel consumption records, stationary combustion equipment details, and fleet information
Using the Dcycle App?You can also manage your carbon footprint through our web interface:

Calculating Stationary Combustion

Stationary combustion emissions come from burning fuels in fixed equipment at your facilities. In Dcycle, these are tracked through invoices linked to facility fuels.

Emission Sources Covered

Calculation Methods by Country

Dcycle automatically applies the appropriate calculation methodology based on your facility’s country:
For facilities located in Spain, Dcycle uses emission factors from MITECO (Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico).
Key characteristics:
  • Emission factors specific to Spain, updated annually
  • Fuel types mapped to MITECO categories (e.g., natural_gas, gas_oil_b, lpg)
  • Required for Spanish regulatory compliance (ISO 14064, EINF)
  • Includes factors for CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O
Access MITECO emission factors here.
For Spanish facilities, Dcycle uses emission factors from:
  • MITECO (Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico)
  • Updated annually with Spanish-specific factors
  • Source: Factores de emisión
Factors are automatically selected based on:
  • Fuel type (mapped to MITECO categories)
  • Unit of measurement
  • Invoice year
For Spanish facilities, stationary combustion emissions are calculated as:CO₂e = Fuel Quantity × (EF_CO₂ × GWP_CO₂ + EF_CH₄ × GWP_CH₄ + EF_N₂O × GWP_N₂O)Where:
  • Fuel Quantity: Amount consumed (liters, m³, kg, kWh)
  • EF_XXX: MITECO emission factor for the specific GHG gas (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O) and fuel, unit, and year
  • GWP_XXX: Global Warming Potential for the specific GHG gas (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O) (IPCC AR6 GWP values)
Example (Natural Gas):
Automatic Method SelectionYou don’t need to specify which calculation method to use. Dcycle automatically detects the facility’s country and applies the correct emission factors:
  • country: "ES" → MITECO factors
  • Any other country → GHG Protocol/IPCC factors
What you’ll track:

Data Flow

1

Set Up Facilities

Configure your facilities and link them to fuel types
2

Automatic Method Selection

Dcycle detects the facility country and applies MITECO (Spain) or GHG Protocol (other) emission factors
3

Create Invoices

Record fuel consumption, recharges, or process emissions via invoices
4

Calculate Emissions

CO₂e emissions are calculated using the appropriate country-specific factors
5

Generate Reports

View emissions by facility, fuel type, or period

Step 2.1: Create a Fuel Consumption Invoice

Where to get this data:
  • Facility ID: From Step 1 (company structure setup) or GET /api/v1/facilities
  • Facility Fuel ID: GET /api/v1/facility_fuels/{facility_id}
  • Unit ID: GET /api/v1/units
  • Quantity: From utility bills, fuel purchase records, or meter readings
Record fuel consumption at a facility by creating an invoice:

Step 2.2: Track Refrigerant Recharges

Where to get this data:
  • Refrigerant type: From HVAC maintenance records or service invoices
  • Quantity: From recharge receipts (amount refilled = amount leaked)
  • Equipment register: Maintain a list of all cooling equipment and their refrigerant types
Refrigerant leaks (HFCs, PFCs) are fugitive emissions and often significant for organizations with cooling systems:
Custom Factors for RechargesUse custom_emission_factor_id when you want to apply custom emissions data for a refrigerant. Learn how in the Custom Emission Factors guide.
High-GWP RefrigerantsSome refrigerants have extremely high Global Warming Potentials:
  • R-410A: GWP = 2,088
  • R-404A: GWP = 3,922
  • R-134a: GWP = 1,430
Even small leaks can represent a significant portion of your Scope 1 footprint. Track all recharges carefully.

Step 2.3: Track Process Emissions

Where to get this data:
  • Process type: From environmental permits, process flow diagrams
  • Quantity: From production records, mass balance calculations, or direct measurements
  • Custom EF: Industry-specific factors from permits, sector guidelines, or IPCC
Process emissions arise from industrial activities where the emissions are not from fuel combustion, but from chemical or physical transformations. Common examples include:
  • Chemical manufacturing: CO₂ from calcination (e.g., cement, lime production)
  • Metal production: CO₂ from reduction processes
  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Emissions from solvents, coatings, and industrial cleaning
  • Industrial furnaces: Non-combustion emissions from high-temperature processes
Process emissions are tracked as invoices with type: "process":
Use Custom Emission Factors for Process EmissionsProcess emissions often require facility-specific or industry-specific emission factors. Use custom_emission_factor_id to apply factors from your environmental permits or industry calculations. See Custom Emission Factors for setup instructions.
When to Use Process vs. Heat Invoices
  • Use type: "heat" when emissions come from burning fuel (combustion)
  • Use type: "process" when emissions come from chemical/physical transformations not related to combustion
Example: A cement plant would use heat for fuel burned in kilns, but process for CO₂ released from limestone calcination.

Step 2.4: Track Waste Water Treatment Emissions

Where to get this data:
  • Flow data: SCADA systems, flow meters at inlet/outlet
  • BOD/Nitrogen: Laboratory analyses, online sensors
  • Sludge: Weighing systems, sludge removal records
  • Biogas: Gas meters on digesters, engines, flares
Wastewater treatment facilities generate CH₄ (methane) and N₂O (nitrous oxide) emissions through biological processes. Dcycle provides a specialized bulk upload endpoint:
Waste Water Treatment CalculationsDcycle calculates emissions from:
  • CH₄ from anaerobic treatment: Based on BOD removal and MCF (Methane Correction Factor)
  • N₂O from biological processes: Based on nitrogen load and EF
  • Biogas combustion: CO₂ from burning recovered biogas (often biogenic)
The endpoint handles data imputation for missing values using moving averages.

Calculating Mobile Combustion

Mobile combustion emissions come from company-owned or controlled vehicles. In Dcycle, these are tracked through vehicles and vehicle consumptions.
Prefer using the Dcycle App?If you want to manage your fleet through our web interface instead of the API, check out these guides:
What you’ll track:
This part of the documentation is still in progress.
Dcycle uses country-specific emission factors from:
  • DEFRA (UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs) Comming soon!
  • MITECO (Spanish Ministry for Ecological Transition)
Factors are automatically selected based on vehicle country and fuel type.
Mobile combustion emissions are calculated as:CO₂e = Fuel Quantity × (EF_CO₂ × GWP_CO₂ + EF_CH₄ × GWP_CH₄ + EF_N₂O × GWP_N₂O)Where emission factors (EF) are specific to:
  • Fuel type (diesel, petrol, LPG, etc.)
  • Vehicle type (passenger car, light truck, heavy truck)
  • Country (regional emission factors)
  • Unit (liters, kilometers, etc.)

Data Flow

1

Register Vehicles

Add all company vehicles to Dcycle
2

Track Fuel Consumption

Upload fuel purchases (manually or from fuel cards)
3

Calculate Emissions

Dcycle automatically calculates CO2e emissions
4

Generate Reports

View emissions by vehicle, driver, or period

Step 2.5: Create a Vehicle

Where to get this data:
  • Vehicle details: Fleet management system, vehicle registration documents
  • Fuel type: Vehicle specifications, fuel cards
  • Vehicle fuel ID: GET /api/v1/vehicle_fuels
  • Vehicle type: GET /api/v1/unknown_vehicles (for generic vehicle types)
First, register your company vehicle:
Using the Dcycle App?You can also register vehicles through our web interface:

Step 2.6: Record Vehicle Fuel Consumption

Supported units:
  • Volume: l (liters) - for fuel purchases
  • Distance: km (kilometers) - when using average consumption
Where to get this data:
  • Fuel cards: Automatic reports from fuel card providers
  • Fuel receipts: Manual collection of fuel purchase receipts
  • Odometer readings: For distance-based calculations
  • Charging records: For electric vehicles (charging station data)
Once vehicles are created, track their fuel consumption:

CSV Format for Vehicle Consumptions

Query Vehicle Consumptions

Best Practice: Track All Company VehiclesFor complete Scope 1 accounting:
  1. Owned vehicles: Full emissions count toward Scope 1
  2. Leased vehicles (operational control): Include in Scope 1
  3. Employee-owned vehicles for business: May be Scope 3 (business travel)
Use the ownership field (owned or rented) to distinguish.