Skip to main content

Understanding Scope 3 Category 5

Waste generated in operations covers emissions from third-party disposal and treatment of waste generated in your organization’s owned or controlled operations. According to the GHG Protocol Scope 3 Standard, Category 5 includes:
  • Landfill disposal: Emissions from decomposition of waste in landfills
  • Incineration: Emissions from burning waste (with or without energy recovery)
  • Recycling: Emissions from processing waste for material recovery
  • Composting: Emissions from biological treatment of organic waste
  • Waste transport: Emissions from transporting waste to treatment facilities
Category 5 vs Other Waste-Related Emissions
  • Category 5: Waste generated in your operations, treated by third parties
  • Category 12: End-of-life treatment of products you sell (downstream)
  • Scope 1: Waste treatment at facilities you own/control (e.g., on-site incineration)

Prerequisites

Before starting, ensure you have:
  • Dcycle API credentials (get them here)
  • Completed Step 1: Company Structure
  • At least one facility created
  • Waste manifests or invoices from your waste management provider
  • Basic knowledge of Python or JavaScript
Using the Dcycle App?You can track waste through our web interface:

Data Map: Category 5 Requirements Overview

Understanding Waste Codes

LER Codes (European List of Waste)

The LER code (also called LoW code) is a 6-digit code that identifies the type of waste according to the European List of Waste. Common examples:
Hazardous WasteLER codes ending with an asterisk (*) indicate hazardous waste. These typically have different emission factors and require special handling documentation.

RD Codes (Treatment Methods)

The RD code identifies the treatment or disposal method. It consists of R (Recovery) or D (Disposal) followed by a 2-digit number: Recovery Operations (R codes): Disposal Operations (D codes):
When RD Code is UnknownA single LoW/LER code can be associated with multiple treatment methods (RD codes), each with different emission factors. If the RD code is not provided, Dcycle automatically uses the average emission factor across all possible treatment methods for that waste type.For more accurate emissions calculations, provide the RD code when known from your waste management documentation.

Emission Factor Sources

Dcycle uses waste emission factors derived from the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
  • Default emission factors for solid waste disposal sites (landfill)
  • Methane (CH₄) emissions from anaerobic decomposition
  • Waste incineration factors for CO₂ and N₂O
  • Covers all standard waste categories and treatment methods
By disposal/recovery method:
  • Landfill (D01): CH₄ from organic decomposition, based on IPCC default methane correction factors
  • Incineration (D10/R01): CO₂ from fossil carbon content + N₂O from combustion
  • Recycling (R03-R05): Processing emissions, often offset by avoided virgin material
  • Composting (R10): CH₄ and N₂O from biological treatment
Waste transport to treatment facility:
  • Based on average truck emissions (Ecoinvent)
  • Calculated using: (quantity_kg / 1000) × distance_km × transport_ef
  • Default transport EF: ~0.1 kg CO₂e per ton-km

Step 1: Create Waste Records

Where to get this data:
  • LER code: Waste manifest or transfer note from waste collector
  • RD code: Waste management invoice or certificate
  • Quantity: Weighbridge ticket or estimated from container size
  • Distance: Address of treatment facility (or ask waste provider)
Track individual waste disposal from your facilities:

Common Waste Types Example

Track multiple waste streams from your facility:

Step 2: Upload Waste Documents (PDF)

Dcycle can automatically extract waste data from PDF invoices:
Supported Waste Invoice FormatsDcycle’s OCR can extract data from standard waste transfer notes and invoices, including:
  • Spanish DI (Documento de Identificación)
  • Standard European waste manifests
  • Various waste management company formats
The system extracts: LER code, quantity, date, and description automatically.

Step 3: Bulk Upload Waste Records

For organizations with many waste streams, use CSV upload:

CSV Format

CSV Notes:
  • quantity is always in kilograms (kg)
  • kms_to_waste_center is optional but recommended for accurate transport emissions
  • Use the correct facility_id for each waste record

Step 4: Query Category 5 Emissions

Get Waste Totals by Facility

Analyze by Treatment Method

Compare to Total Scope 3

Best Practices

1. Track All Waste Streams

2. Prioritize High-Impact Waste

3. Track Diversion Rate

Reduction Strategies for Category 5
  1. Reduce waste generation: Source reduction is the most effective strategy
  2. Increase recycling: Switch from D01 (landfill) to R03 (recycling) where possible
  3. Composting: Divert organic waste from landfill to R10
  4. Energy recovery: If recycling isn’t possible, R01 beats D01
  5. Local treatment: Reduce transport emissions with nearby facilities
  6. Supplier engagement: Work with waste providers on lower-carbon options

Troubleshooting

Issue: LER Code Not Found

Issue: Unknown Treatment Method

Issue: Category 5 Seems Too Low

Next Steps

Facilities Tutorial

Complete facility management guide

Category 12: End-of-Life

Track product end-of-life emissions

Category 1: Purchased Goods

Track upstream product emissions

Scope 3 Overview

Back to all Scope 3 categories